What do we Believe?

Islam serves as a comprehensive guide, nurturing a profound connection with Allah by delineating both the foundational beliefs and the practical manifestations of faith. At its core, this multifaceted approach is encapsulated in the Six Articles of Faith (Iman) and the Five Pillars of Islam, collectively shaping the worldview and conduct of Muslims.

The Six Articles of Faith form the bedrock of Islamic belief, outlining the fundamental tenets that unite Muslims worldwide. These articles are a testament to the unwavering monotheism at the heart of Islam:

Overview of Beliefs

• Belief in Allah (Tawhid): At the forefront is the unequivocal belief in the oneness of Allah. Tawhid asserts that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, emphasizing the indivisibility of the divine.
• Belief in Angels (Malaika): Muslims acknowledge the existence of celestial beings, the angels, who serve as messengers of Allah and execute various tasks in the cosmic order.
• Belief in Divine Books (Kutub): The divine wisdom of Allah is conveyed through sacred scriptures, including the Torah, Psalms, Gospel, and culminating in the final revelation, the Qur’an. Muslims respect these books as sources of guidance and divine knowledge.
• Belief in Prophets (Rusul): Allah has communicated with humanity through chosen messengers, known as prophets, who delivered His guidance to different communities throughout history. The final prophet, Muhammad, is regarded as the Seal of Prophets.
• Belief in the Day of Judgment (Yawm al-Qiyamah): Islam emphasizes accountability in the afterlife, where individuals will be judged based on their deeds. The belief in the Day of Judgment instills a sense of responsibility and moral consciousness in adherents.
• Belief in Divine Decree (Qadr): Muslims recognize the concept of predestination, understanding that Allah’s divine will governs all aspects of life. This belief encourages patience and acceptance in the face of life’s challenges.

Belief 1: Belief in Allah (Tawhid)

At the heart of Islamic theology lies the foundational principle of Tawhid, emphasizing the absolute oneness of Allah. This belief serves as the cornerstone of a Muslim’s understanding of the divine and forms the nucleus of our spiritual journey. Tawhid encompasses several key dimensions that shape the Islamic worldview.

Oneness of Allah’s Essence

Tawhid underscores the indivisible nature of Allah’s essence. Muslims believe that Allah is unique and incomparable, beyond human comprehension, existing without any partners, associates, or equals. This transcendent oneness lays the groundwork for all other aspects of Islamic belief and practice.

"Say, 'He is Allah, [who is] One, Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, nor is there to Him any equivalent.'" [112:1-4]

This short chapter, Surah Al-Ikhlas, encapsulates the concept of Tawhid by emphasizing the absolute oneness of Allah and refuting any notion of Him having offspring or equals.

"And your Allah is one Allah. There is no deity [worthy of worship] except Him, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful." [2:163]

This ayah from Surah Al-Baqarah reinforces the singular nature of Allah, affirming that there is no deity except Allah, who is characterized by His infinite mercy and grace.

"Originator of the heavens and the earth. How could He have a son when He does not have a companion and He created all things? And He is, of all things, Knowing." [6:101]

This ayah highlights Allah’s role as the Creator of the heavens and the earth, emphasizing that He is self-sufficient and not in need of any offspring or partners.

Oneness of Allah’s Attributes

Islam asserts that Allah’s attributes are perfect and unique. While humans may share certain attributes, such as knowledge or power, Allah’s attributes are beyond comparison and free from any imperfections. Muslims strive to understand and reflect upon these divine qualities to deepen their connection with the Almighty.

"There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the Hearing, the Seeing." [42:11]

This ayah emphasizes the incomparable nature of Allah, stating that there is nothing similar to Him. It also highlights His attributes of perfect hearing and seeing.

"Vision perceives Him not, but He perceives [all] vision; and He is the Subtle, the Acquainted." [6:103]

This verse reinforces the idea that Allah is beyond human perception, yet He encompasses all knowledge and awareness.

Oneness of Allah’s Actions

Tawhid extends to the belief that all actions and events are under the control of Allah. Nothing happens in the universe without His knowledge and permission. This perspective instills a sense of trust and reliance on Allah, encouraging believers to accept both the blessings and challenges of life with gratitude and patience.

"And He it is who produces gardens cultivated and wild, date palms, and crops of different shape (and taste (its fruits and its pasture) and olives, and pomegranates, similar (in kind) and different (in taste). Eat of their fruit when they ripen, but pay the due thereof (its Zakat) on the day of its harvest, and waste not by extravagance. Verily, He likes not Al-Musrifun (those who waste by extravagance)." [6:141]

"And He is the One Who has made the night and the day in succession, for such who desires to remember or desires to show his gratitude." [25:2]

"His is the dominion of the heavens and the earth. He gives life and causes death, and He is over all things competent." [57:2]

Exclusive Worship of Allah

The oneness of Allah necessitates exclusive devotion and worship to Him alone. Muslims are called to direct all acts of worship, including prayer, supplication, and gratitude, solely towards Allah. This commitment to monotheism forms the core of a Muslim’s daily life, fostering a sense of purpose and spiritual fulfillment.

"Lord of the heavens and the earth and whatever is between them, so worship Him and have patience for His worship. Do you know of any similarity to Him?" [19:65]

This ayah from Surah Maryam reinforces the absolute uniqueness of Allah as the Lord of all creation and questions the idea of any likeness or comparison to Him.

"Indeed, there is for you a good example in Abraham and those with him when they said to their people, 'Indeed, we are disassociated from you and from whatever you worship other than Allah. We have denied you, and there has appeared between us and you animosity and hatred forever until you believe in Allah alone.'" [60:4]

The example of Prophet Abraham serves as a reminder of the rejection of associating partners with Allah and the unwavering commitment to worship Him alone.

Rejection of Polytheism (Shirk)

Tawhid unconditionally rejects any form of associating partners with Allah, known as Shirk. Islam strictly opposes polytheism, emphasizing that the worship of anything or anyone other than Allah is a deviation from the true path of faith. The rejection of Shirk is a constant reminder of the purity and uniqueness of Allah’s oneness.

"O mankind, worship your Lord, who created you and those before you, that you may become righteous. He who made for you the earth a bed and the sky a canopy, and sent down from the sky rain and brought forth fruits thereby, as a provision for you. So, do not knowingly set up equals to Allah." [2:21-22]

"Say, 'What thing is greatest in testimony?' Say, 'Allah is Witness between me and you. And this Qur'an was revealed to me, that I may warn you thereby and whomever it reaches.'" [6:102]

"And [mention, O Muhammad], when Luqman said to his son while he was instructing him, 'O my son, do not associate [anything] with Allah. Indeed, association [with him] is great injustice.'" [31:13-14]

Implications for Human Conduct

Tawhid influences every aspect of a Muslim’s conduct, guiding our ethical choices, social interactions, and personal development. Belief in the oneness of Allah serves as a moral compass, encouraging compassion, justice, and kindness in all aspects of life.

"Indeed, Allah commands justice and good conduct and giving to relatives. And He forbids immorality and bad conduct and oppression. He admonishes you, that perhaps you will be reminded." [16:90]

"And lower to them the wing of humility out of mercy and say, 'My Lord, have mercy upon them as they brought me up [when I was] small.'" [17:24]

"Those who spend [in Allah's cause] during ease and hardship and who restrain anger and who pardon the people - and Allah loves the doers of good." [3:134]

"O you who have believed, fear Allah and be with those who are true." [9:119]

"And the servants of the Most Merciful are those who walk upon the earth easily, and when the ignorant address them [harshly], they say [words of] peace." [25:63]

Belief 1 Recap

In essence, the belief in Tawhid is not merely an abstract theological concept but a guiding principle that can be found in every facet of a Muslim’s existence. It invites believers to cultivate a deep and intimate relationship with the Divine, recognizing the oneness of Allah as the central force that shapes their understanding of the world and their purpose within it.

Belief 2: Belief in Angels (Malaika)

The second Article of Faith in Islam revolves around the belief in angels, known as Malaika. Angels hold a significant and revered position in Islamic theology, acting as messengers and servants of Allah, carrying out various tasks in the divine cosmic order. This belief in angels adds a layer of metaphysical understanding to the Islamic worldview, emphasizing the unseen forces at work in the universe.

Nature and Essence of Angels

According to Islamic belief, angels are incorporeal beings created from light by Allah. They possess no free will and are inherently obedient to Allah’s commands, carrying out their assigned duties with utmost precision and devotion. Angels are considered sinless and are exempt from the human experience of temptation and moral choice.

"O you who have believed, protect yourselves and your families from a Fire whose fuel is people and stones, over which are [appointed] angels, harsh and severe; they do not disobey Allah in what He commands them but do what they are commanded." [66:6]

“They do not speak before He speaks and they act by His command." [21:27]

"Indeed, those who have said, 'Our Lord is Allah' and then remained steadfast, the angels will descend upon them, [saying], 'Do not fear and do not grieve but receive good tidings of Paradise, which you were promised.'" [41:30]

"They never disobey Allah in what He commands them but do what they are commanded." [66:6]

"All praise is due to Allah, Creator of the heavens and the earth, [who] made the angels messengers having wings, two or three or four. He increases in creation what He wills. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent." [35:1]

The Qur’anic ayahs, through their eloquence and divine guidance, provide a profound insight into the nature and essence of angels. Muslims, guided by these teachings, embrace the concept of angels as spiritual, obedient beings created from light, devoid of free will, sinless, and exempt from the complexities of human moral choices. This belief adds depth to the Islamic understanding of the unseen forces at play in the universe, reinforcing the interconnectedness between the celestial and earthly realms.

Roles and Functions

Angels serve diverse roles in the celestial hierarchy, each assigned specific tasks by Allah. Among them are the recording angels who document human deeds, the guardian angels who protect individuals, and the angels responsible for delivering Allah’s messages to the prophets. Jibril (Gabriel) is a prominent angel who played a crucial role in conveying revelations to several prophets, including the Qur’an to Prophet Muhammad.

"Praise be to Allah, Creator of the heavens and the earth, [who] made the angels messengers having wings, two or three or four. He increases in creation what He wills. Indeed, Allah is over all things competent." [35:1]

"For each one are successive [angels] before and behind him who protect him by the decree of Allah. Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves." [13:11]

"Say, 'Whoever is an enemy to Jibril - it is [none but] he who has brought the Qur'an down upon your heart, [O Muhammad], by permission of Allah, confirming that which was before it and as guidance and good tidings for the believers.'" [2:97]

"And the angels will be at its edges. And there will bear the Throne of your Lord above them, that Day, eight [of them]." [69:17]

These Qur’anic ayahs unveil the intricacies of angelic roles, underscoring their diverse functions in executing Allah’s divine plan. From recording deeds to protecting individuals and serving as messengers to prophets, angels operate in a synchronized celestial hierarchy. The mention of Jibril emphasizes the pivotal role of angels in delivering revelations, culminating in the transmission of the Qur’an to Prophet Muhammad. This profound understanding of angelic responsibilities enriches the Islamic worldview, highlighting the interconnected roles that contribute to the harmonious functioning of the divine order.

Witnesses to Human Actions

Islamic tradition holds that angels are witnesses to human actions. There are angels assigned to record each individual’s deeds, compiling a comprehensive account of their life. On the Day of Judgment, these records will serve as a testament to a person’s conduct, influencing their fate in the afterlife.

"So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it." [99:7-8]

"And everything small and large is inscribed. [It is] as if they were almond trees." [54:52-53]

"And the record [of deeds] will be placed [open], and you will see the criminals fearful of that within it, and they will say, 'Oh, woe to us! What is this book that leaves nothing small or great except that it has enumerated it?' And they will find what they did present [before them]." [18:49]

"And [for] every person, We have imposed his fate upon his neck, and We will produce for him on the Day of Resurrection a record which he will encounter spread open. [It will be said], 'Read your record. Sufficient is yourself against you this Day as accountant.'" [17:13-14]

In summary, the Qur’anic ayahs vividly portray angels as meticulous recorders of human actions, diligently compiling a detailed account that will serve as a testament on the Day of Judgment. The belief in angelic witnesses reinforces the concept of divine accountability, inspiring believers to lead lives of virtue and righteousness, cognizant of the perpetual documentation of their deeds by the celestial scribes.

Celebration of Allah’s Glory

Angels continually engage in the worship and glorification of Allah. Their existence serves as a constant reminder of the divine, and their unwavering devotion inspires believers to strive for spiritual excellence and submission to Allah’s will.

"To Him belongs whoever is in the heavens and the earth. And those near Him are not prevented by arrogance from His worship, nor do they tire." [21:19]

"They exalt Him night and day [and] do not slacken." [21:20]

"And to Allah prostrates whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth of creatures, and the angels [as well], and they are not arrogant." [16:49]

"They fear their Lord above them, and they do what they are commanded." [16:50]

"And they exalt [Him] night and day, [and] they do not weaken." [38:46]

“And the angels exalt [praise] with praise of their Lord and ask forgiveness for those on the earth. Unquestionably, it is Allah who is the Forgiving, the Merciful." [42:5]

In essence, the Qur’anic ayahs emphasize that angels, through their perpetual worship, serve as a living testament to the majesty and glory of Allah. Their celestial existence is a constant reminder to humanity of the divine presence, inspiring believers to emulate their unwavering devotion, strive for spiritual excellence, and willingly submit to the divine will with humility and reverence.

Intercession on the Day of Judgment

Some angels will serve as intercessors on the Day of Judgment, advocating for forgiveness and mercy for those deemed worthy. This highlights the benevolence and compassion inherent in the divine order, providing hope for believers who seek Allah’s mercy and forgiveness.

"How many angels are there in the heavens whose intercession will be of no avail except after Allah has given leave for whom He wills and approves." [53:26-27]

"They fear their Lord above them, and they do what they are commanded." [21:28]

"And thus We have made for every prophet an enemy - devils from mankind and jinn, inspiring to one another decorative speech in delusion. But if your Lord had willed, they would not have done it, so leave them and that which they invent." [25:31]

"Repel, by [means of] what is best, [their] evil. We are most knowing of what they describe." [23:96]

"Those who bear the Throne, and those around it, exalt [Allah] with praise of their Lord and believe in Him and ask forgiveness for those who have believed, [saying], 'Our Lord, You have encompassed all things in mercy and knowledge, so forgive those who have repented and followed Your way and protect them from the punishment of Hellfire.'" [40:7]

In contemplating the intercessory role of angels on the Day of Judgment, Muslims find reassurance in the mercy and compassion inherent in Allah’s divine plan. The Qur’anic ayahs serve as a source of inspiration, reminding believers that the benevolence of the divine order extends to those who seek forgiveness and redemption, offering solace and hope in the face of ultimate accountability.

Invisible Support and Protection

Muslims believe that angels play a role in providing unseen support and protection. Whether safeguarding individuals from harm or inspiring moments of guidance, the presence of angels underscores the interconnectedness between the earthly and spiritual realms.

"For each one are successive [angels] before and behind him who protect him by the decree of Allah. Indeed, Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves." [13:11]

"Man does not utter any word except that with him is an observer prepared [to record]." [50:17-18]

"And We sent not before you [as messengers] except men to whom We revealed from among the people of cities. So have they not traveled through the earth and observed how was the end of those before them? And the home of the Hereafter is best for those who fear Allah; then will you not reason?" [21:7]

In corroboration with these Qur’anic ayahs, the belief in angels offering unseen support and protection becomes a cornerstone of Islamic faith. This tenet reinforces the intricate relationship between the material and spiritual dimensions, where angels act as guardians, guides, and sources of inspiration, intertwining the destinies of believers with the divine cosmic order.

Belief in the Unseen

Acknowledging the existence of angels aligns with the broader Islamic concept of iman (faith) in the unseen. Believers accept the presence of angels as an integral aspect of their faith, emphasizing trust in Allah’s divine plan and the existence of forces beyond human perception.

"He who created death and life to test you [as to] which of you is best in deed - and He is the Exalted in Might, the Forgiving." [67:2]

"And He it is who produces gardens cultivated and wild, date palms, and crops of different shape (and taste, its fruits and its fodder) and olives, and pomegranates, similar (in kind) and different (in taste). Eat of their fruit when they ripen, but pay the due thereof (its Zakat) on the day of its harvest, and waste not by extravagance. Verily, He likes not Al-Musrifun (those who waste by extravagance)." [6:141]

"This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those conscious of Allah - who believe in the unseen, establish prayer, and spend out of what We have provided for them, And who believe in what has been revealed to you, [O Muhammad], and what was revealed before you, and of the hereafter they are certain." [2:2-5]

In embracing the presence of angels as an integral aspect of their faith, Muslims demonstrate a profound commitment to the unseen, guided by the Qur’anic ayahs that extol the virtues of belief in the broader realm of the divine. This acknowledgment deepens their understanding of the intricate balance between the visible and invisible forces that shape the universe, fostering a connection with the profound wisdom encapsulated in the Islamic concept of iman.

Belief 2 Recap

In summary, the belief in angels enriches the Islamic understanding of the universe, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the material and spiritual realms. It fosters humility, awe, and a deep sense of accountability, as Muslims recognize the celestial witnesses to their actions and the divine order that governs the universe. The belief in angels contributes to the holistic and multidimensional nature of Islamic faith, reinforcing the intricate tapestry of the unseen world.

Belief 3: Belief in the Divine Books (Kutub)

Central to the Islamic faith is the profound belief in the divine books (Kutub) revealed by Allah to guide and illuminate humanity. Muslims recognize these sacred scriptures as sources of divine wisdom and guidance, each tailored to the specific needs of its time and people. The belief in the divine books is encapsulated as the third Article of Faith, and the Qur’an, the final and ultimate revelation, acknowledges the continuum of divine guidance through various scriptures. Here, we explore the significance and implications of this fundamental belief.

The Revelation of Divine Knowledge

The Qur’an, in Surah Al-Baqarah, emphasizes the significance of the divine books:

"This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those conscious of Allah - who believe in the unseen, establish prayer, and spend out of what We have provided for them, And who believe in what has been revealed to you, [O Muhammad], and what was revealed before you, and of the hereafter they are certain." [2:2-5]

The Torah (Tawrat) to Prophet Moses

The Torah was revealed to Prophet Moses (Musa) as a comprehensive guide for the Children of Israel. In Surah Al-Imran, the Qur’an affirms:

"He has sent down upon you, [O Muhammad], the Book in truth, confirming what was before it. And He revealed the Torah and the Gospel. Before, as guidance for the people. And He revealed the Qur'an." [3:3-4]

The Psalms (Zabur) to Prophet David

The Zabur, or Psalms, were bestowed upon Prophet David (Dawood) for spiritual guidance and worship. In Surah An-Nisa, the Qur’an acknowledges:

"Indeed, We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him. And we revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, the Descendants, Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon, and to David We gave the book [of Psalms]." [4:163]

The Gospel (Injil) to Prophet Jesus

The Injil, or Gospel, was revealed to Prophet Jesus (Isa) as a source of spiritual and moral guidance for the followers of his time. In Surah Al-Imran, the Qur’an narrates:

"But when Jesus felt [persistence in] disbelief from them, he said, 'Who are my supporters for [the cause of] Allah?' The disciples said, 'We are supporters for Allah. We have believed in Allah and testify that we are Muslims [submitting to Him]. Our Lord, we have believed in what You revealed and have followed the messenger [Jesus], so register us among the witnesses [to truth].'” [3:52]

The Final Revelation – The Qur’an

The Qur’an is the culmination of divine guidance, revealed to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) through the archangel Jibril. In Surah Al-Baqarah, the Qur’an establishes the significance of Ramadan as the month in which the Qur’an was revealed:

"The month of Ramadhan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur'an, a guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion." [2:185]

Preservation and Authenticity

Muslims believe that while the earlier scriptures underwent changes and distortions over time, the Qur’an remains intact and unchanged since its revelation. Allah, in Surah Al-Hijr, declares:

"Indeed, it is We who sent down the Qur'an and indeed, We will be its guardian." [15:9]

Belief 3 Recap

Belief in the divine books serves as a reminder of the continuity of divine guidance throughout history and underscores the universality of the message of monotheism, righteousness, and ethical conduct. Muslims are encouraged to draw lessons from these scriptures, understanding their historical and cultural contexts while recognizing the timeless principles that bind them together. The belief in the divine books is a testament to the enduring mercy of Allah, who, out of His love for humanity, has provided guidance in various forms throughout the ages.

Belief 4: Belief in the Prophets (Rusul)

The belief in prophets, or Rusul in Arabic, stands as a pivotal tenet in the Islamic faith. It underscores the idea that throughout history, Allah has chosen certain individuals to convey His divine guidance to humanity. The prophets, revered and honored, played the crucial role of messengers, tasked with delivering Allah’s revelations and exemplifying righteous living. This belief forms the fourth Article of Faith in Islam, shaping the worldview of Muslims and providing a narrative of divine communication with humankind.

Divine Appointments

The Qur’an, in Surah Al-Imran, establishes the concept of divine appointments:

"Indeed, Allah chose Adam and Noah and the family of Abraham and the family of 'Imran over the worlds." [3:33]

This ayah highlights the chosen ones, individuals selected by Allah for unique roles in guiding humanity and shaping the course of faith. The specific mention of Adam, Noah, the family of Abraham, and the family of ‘Imran exemplifies the diverse spectrum of these divine appointees, each playing a pivotal role in the unfolding narrative of human spirituality.

These chosen ones exemplify unwavering faith, resilience in the face of trials, and a commitment to upholding the oneness of Allah. The diversity among the chosen individuals also signifies the universal nature of Allah’s message, tailored for different times and communities. As believers reflect on these divine appointments, they draw inspiration from the exemplary lives of these chosen individuals, striving to embody the principles of faith and righteousness in their own journeys.

Guidance through Prophets

In Surah Al-Baqarah, the Qur’an emphasizes that guidance came through various prophets to different communities:

"Mankind was [of] one religion [before their deviation]; then Allah sent the prophets as bringers of good tidings and warners and sent down with them the Scripture in truth to judge between the people concerning that in which they differed." [2:213]

This verse from Surah Al-Baqarah (2:213) encapsulates the overarching theme of divine guidance, human deviation, and the continuous cycle of prophethood as a merciful response to guide humanity back to the straight path. It reinforces the notion that despite the diversity of communities, the message of monotheism and righteous living remains a universal and timeless call from the Divine.

The Seal of Prophethood

The concept of the finality of prophethood is articulated in Surah Al-Ahzab:

"Muhammad is not the father of [any] one of your men, but [he is] the Messenger of Allah and last of the prophets. And ever is Allah, of all things, Knowing." [33:40]

Surah Al-Ahzab (33:40) stands as a testament to the completion of divine guidance through Prophet Muhammad, affirming the seal of prophethood and heralding a unified message that transcends physical and cultural boundaries. This belief is central to Islamic theology, emphasizing the timeless nature of the Quranic guidance and the profound impact of Prophet Muhammad as the last link in the chain of divine messengers.

Prophets as Role Models

Prophets are not just conveyors of messages but also role models for humanity. The Qur’an highlights the exemplary character of Prophet Muhammad in Surah Al-Qalam:

"And indeed, you (O Muhammad) are of a great moral character." [68:4]

In essence, Surah Al-Qalam (68:4) serves as a resounding affirmation of the moral greatness of Prophet Muhammad, portraying him as a beacon of virtue and a timeless model for humanity. It encapsulates the essence of his character, inviting believers to draw profound lessons from his conduct and strive towards embodying similar moral excellence in their own lives.

Prophets Confronting Challenges

Prophets faced numerous challenges in their missions, serving as models of perseverance and resilience. The story of Prophet Musa (Moses) confronting Pharaoh, as narrated in Surah Al-Qasas , illustrates the trials faced by prophets:

"Indeed, Pharaoh exalted himself in the land and made its people into factions, oppressing a sector among them, slaughtering their [newborn] sons and keeping their females alive. Indeed, he was of the corrupters. And We wanted to confer favor upon those who were oppressed in the land and make them leaders and make them inheritors." [28:4-5]

The tale of Prophet Musa’s confrontation with Pharaoh encapsulates the universal struggle for justice and the enduring theme of divine intervention against oppression. It serves as a beacon of inspiration for believers, highlighting the virtues of perseverance, faith, and the ultimate triumph of justice in the face of adversity.

Unity in Message

Despite variations in the laws and customs revealed to different prophets, the core message remains unified—calling people to worship one Allah. Surah Al-Baqarah asserts:

"Say, [O believers], 'We have believed in Allah and what has been revealed to us and what has been revealed to Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Descendants, and in what was given to Moses and Jesus and to the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and we are Muslims [submitting] to Him.'" [2:136]

Surah Al-Baqarah (2:136) encapsulates the essence of unity in diversity, emphasizing the commonality of the divine message while recognizing the contextual variations in the laws and customs revealed to different prophets. It stands as a call for believers to transcend differences and unite in their submission to the one Allah.

Prophets as Heirs of the Earth

The Qur’an, in Surah Al-Anbiya , emphasizes the divine promise that righteousness will prevail:

"And We have already written in the book [of Psalms] after the [previous] mention that the land [of Paradise] is inherited by My righteous servants." [21:105]

Surah Al-Anbiya (21:105) stands as a beacon of hope, assuring believers that the divine promise of righteousness prevailing and leading to the inheritance of Paradise is not just a distant dream but an eternally written reality awaiting its fulfillment. It inspires believers to persevere in their pursuit of goodness, confident that their ultimate reward is guaranteed by the unwavering justice and mercy of Allah.

Belief 4 Recap

Belief in prophets encapsulates the recognition of a divine plan for human guidance, acknowledging the pivotal role of these chosen individuals as conduits of Allah’s wisdom and mercy. This belief fosters a deep sense of gratitude, humility, and commitment among Muslims, who strive to learn from the exemplary lives of the prophets and apply their teachings in navigating the complexities of human existence.

Belief 5: Belief in the Day of Judgment (Yawm al-Qiyamah)

The belief in the Day of Judgment, or Yawm al-Qiyamah in Arabic, is a cornerstone of Islamic faith. It encompasses the conviction that one day, all individuals will be resurrected, and their deeds will be scrutinized by Allah. This belief holds profound implications for a Muslim’s actions, serving as a moral compass and a reminder of ultimate accountability. Rooted in the Qur’anic ayahs, the concept of Yawm al-Qiyamah shapes the ethical and spiritual consciousness of believers.

The Inevitability of Judgment

Surah Al-Zumar asserts the inevitability of the Day of Judgment:

"And the Horn will be blown, and whoever is in the heavens and whoever is on the earth will fall dead except whom Allah wills. Then it will be blown again, and at once they will be standing, looking on." [39:68]

This ayah from Surah Al-Zumar provides a vivid portrayal of the Day of Judgment, emphasizing its universality, the certainty of death, the role of divine will, and the swift resurrection that awaits all beings. It calls upon believers to reflect, repent, and strive for righteousness in anticipation of the inevitable and profound event that will shape the eternal destiny of every soul.

Reckoning of Deeds

Yawm al-Qiyamah is a day of ultimate reckoning. The Qur’an, in Surah Al-Zalzalah, vividly describes the meticulous recording of deeds:

"So whoever does an atom's weight of good will see it, and whoever does an atom's weight of evil will see it." [99:6-8]

These ayahs from Surah Al-Zalzalah encapsulate the gravity of Yawm al-Qiyamah, affirming that every action, regardless of its size, is meticulously recorded. The meticulousness of this divine scrutiny serves as a profound reminder of the absolute justice that awaits every soul on the Day of Judgment, urging believers to approach their actions with mindfulness and consciousness of their eternal consequences.

The Balance of Justice

Allah’s absolute justice will prevail on the Day of Judgment. Surah Al-An’am affirms this concept:

"Whoever comes [on the Day of Judgment] with a good deed will have ten times the like thereof [to his credit], and whoever comes with an evil deed will not be recompensed except the like thereof; and they will not be wronged." [6:160]

Surah Al-An’am (6:160) serves as a testament to the unfaltering justice of Allah on the Day of Judgment. The promise of multiplied rewards for good deeds and equitable recompense for evil deeds resonates with believers as a source of hope, encouragement, and a reminder of the absolute fairness that will define the reckoning of souls on that decisive day.

Heaven and Hell

Surah Al-Imran describes the two destinations awaiting individuals based on their deeds:

"Every soul will taste death, and you will only be given your full compensation on the Day of Resurrection. So he who is drawn away from the Fire and admitted to Paradise has attained [his desire]. And what is the life of this world except the enjoyment of delusion." [3:185]

Surah Al-Imran (3:185) encapsulates the dual destinies that await individuals based on their deeds. It serves as a call to reflect on the fleeting nature of worldly life, the reality of death, and the ultimate significance of the Hereafter—a realm where deeds are compensated in full, and the soul’s true desire is realized in the embrace of eternal bliss or the avoidance of torment.

Seeking Allah’s Mercy

The Qur’an encourages believers to seek Allah’s mercy on the Day of Judgment. Surah Al-Fatihah includes a supplication:

"Guide us to the straight path - The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray." [1:6-7]

The supplication in Surah Al-Fatihah becomes a timeless expression of the believer’s yearning for divine guidance, mercy, and protection on the Day of Judgment. It serves as a heartfelt plea for steadfastness on the straight path and a sincere desire to avoid the pitfalls of divine anger and straying away from the righteous path. Through this supplication, believers affirm their dependency on Allah and their unwavering commitment to seeking His mercy and guidance in every aspect of their lives.

Intercession of Prophets

Prophets will intercede on behalf of their followers. Surah Al-Baqarah mentions the intercession of Prophet Muhammad:

"And fear a Day when no soul will suffice for another soul at all, nor will intercession be accepted from it, nor will compensation be taken from it, nor will they be aided." [2:48]

Surah Al-Baqarah (2:48) paints a vivid picture of the Day of Judgment, emphasizing the non-negotiable nature of individual accountability. It serves as a profound reminder of the ultimate authority of Allah in dispensing justice and mercy, while also highlighting the conditional nature of intercession, subject to divine will and the acceptance of those interceded for. This verse prompts believers to cultivate a deep sense of awareness and responsibility for their actions in anticipation of the Day when no soul can suffice for another.

The Unseen Becomes Visible

Surah Qaf illustrates the transformation of the unseen into visible reality on the Day of Judgment:

"And the record [of deeds] will be placed [open], and you will see the criminals fearful of that within it, and they will say, 'Oh, woe to us! What is this book that leaves nothing small or great except that it has enumerated it?' And they will find what they did present [before them]. And your Lord does injustice to no one." [50:20]

Surah Qaf (50:20) offers a portrayal of the Day of Judgment, where the unseen becomes visible, and every individual confronts the consequences of their deeds. It serves as a timeless reminder of the importance of self-accountability, sincere repentance, and the pursuit of righteousness in anticipation of the inevitable unveiling of the record of deeds.

Belief 5 Recap

Belief in the Day of Judgment permeates every aspect of a Muslim’s life, fostering a sense of responsibility, accountability, and mindfulness in actions. It serves as a powerful motivator for ethical conduct, as believers strive to live in accordance with Allah’s guidance, seeking His mercy and the ultimate reward of paradise on the Day of Judgment.

Belief 6: Belief in Divine Decree (Qadr)

The belief in Divine Decree, or Qadr in Arabic, is a fundamental aspect of Islamic theology, intricately woven into the fabric of the Muslim worldview. Qadr encompasses the idea that Allah, in His infinite wisdom, has preordained and decreed everything that happens in the universe. This belief provides solace, instills patience, and reinforces the notion that every occurrence, whether perceived as positive or negative, is part of Allah’s divine plan.

Foundational Qur’anic ayahs

The Qur’an, in various ayahs, underscores the concept of Divine Decree. Surah Al-Hadid states:

"No disaster strikes upon the earth or among yourselves except that it is in a register before We bring it into being - indeed that, for Allah, is easy - In order that you not despair over what has eluded you and not exult [in pride] over what He has given you. And Allah does not like everyone self-deluded and boastful." [57:22-23]

Comprehensive Knowledge of Allah

Qadr signifies Allah’s omniscience and all-encompassing knowledge. Surah Al-Baqarah affirms Allah’s awareness:

"His Kursi extends over the heavens and the earth, and their preservation tires Him not. And He is the Most High, the Most Great." [2:255]

Concept of Free Will

Despite Divine Decree, Islam also acknowledges human free will. Surah Al-Insan elucidates this balance:

"And We showed him the way, whether he be grateful or ungrateful." [76:30]

Acceptance of Trials

Muslims are taught to accept both adversity and prosperity with patience and gratitude. Surah Al-Baqarah addresses trials:

"And We will surely test you with something of fear and hunger and a loss of wealth and lives and fruits, but give good tidings to the patient." [2:155]

Understanding the Unseen

Surah Al-Mulk emphasizes Allah’s authority over the unseen:

"He who created death and life to test you [as to] which of you is best in deed - and He is the Exalted in Might, the Forgiving." [67:2]

Balancing Aspiration and Surrender

The belief in Qadr encourages a balance between aspiration and surrender to Allah’s will. Surah Al-An’am speaks of this balance:

"And He it is who produces gardens trellised and untrellised, date palms, and crops of different shape (and taste, its fruits and its fodder) and olives, and pomegranates, similar (in kind) and different (in taste). Eat of their fruit when they ripen, but pay the due thereof (its Zakat) on the day of its harvest, and waste not by extravagance. Verily, He likes not Al-Musrifun (those who waste by extravagance)." [6:141]

Encouragement for Action

Belief in Qadr does not negate the importance of human effort. Surah Al-Asr urges human action:

"By time, Indeed, mankind is in loss, Except for those who have believed and done righteous deeds and advised each other to truth and advised each other to patience." [103:1-3]

Belief 6 Recap

Belief in Divine Decree is a source of comfort and guidance for Muslims, fostering a sense of trust in Allah’s wisdom and plan. It encourages resilience in the face of challenges, humility in times of prosperity, and a steadfast commitment to righteousness. Embracing Qadr allows believers to navigate the complexities of life with a profound understanding that every experience, whether apparent success or hardship, is intricately woven into the divine tapestry of existence.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Islam’s profound spiritual and moral framework is meticulously outlined in the Six Articles of Faith, serving as a compass that directs the beliefs and actions of Muslims. These articles, encapsulating the core tenets of Tawhid, belief in angels, divine books, prophets, the Day of Judgment, and divine decree, form the bedrock of Islamic ideology. Rooted in monotheism, accountability, and divine wisdom, these beliefs provide a comprehensive guide for Muslims seeking a deep connection with Allah. The multifaceted nature of these principles, as demonstrated through the beliefs in the oneness of Allah, celestial beings, sacred scriptures, chosen messengers, accountability in the afterlife, and the acceptance of divine decree, collectively shapes a worldview that influences individual conduct and communal harmony.

Moreover, the exploration of foundational knowledge can be further enriched through the study of “Bilal’s Bullseye” and a closer examination of “The Five Pillars of Islam.” These resources provide additional insights into the practical manifestations of Islamic teachings, offering a more complete understanding of the faith’s principles and their application in daily life. Islam, through its rich tapestry of beliefs and the guidance found in these texts, not only unites Muslims worldwide but also offers a timeless guide for navigating the complexities of life with faith, patience, and moral consciousness.